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The Gupta Empire ((サンスクリット:गुप्तसाम्राज्य), ') was an ancient Indian empire, founded by Maharaja Sri Gupta, which existed at its zenith from approximately 320 to 550 CE and covered much of the Indian Subcontinent. The peace and prosperity created under the leadership of the Guptas enabled the pursuit of scientific and artistic endeavours.〔(India – Historical Setting – The Classical Age – Gupta and Harsha ). Historymedren.about.com (17 June 2010). Retrieved on 2011-11-21.〕 This period is called the Golden Age of India〔N. Jayapalan, ''History of India'', Vol. I, (Atlantic Publishers, 2001), 130.〕 and was marked by extensive inventions and discoveries in science, technology, engineering, art, dialectic, literature, logic, mathematics, astronomy, religion, and philosophy that crystallized the elements of what is generally known as Hindu culture.〔(Ancient India. The Age of the Guptas ). wsu.edu〕 Chandra Gupta I, Samudra Gupta, and Chandra Gupta II were the most notable rulers of the Gupta dynasty.〔(Gupta Empire in India, art in the Gupta empire, Indian history – India ). Indianchild.com. Retrieved on 2011-11-21.〕 The 4th century CE Sanskrit poet Kalidasa credits Guptas with having conquered about twenty one kingdoms, both in and outside India, including the kingdoms of Parasikas, the Hunas, the Kambojas, tribes located in the west and east Oxus valleys, the Kinnaras, Kiratas etc.〔Raghu Vamsa v 4.60–75〕 The high points of this cultural creativity are magnificent architecture, sculptures and paintings.〔(Gupta dynasty (Indian dynasty) ). Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Retrieved on 2011-11-21.〕 The Gupta period produced scholars such as Kalidasa, Aryabhata, Varahamihira, Vishnu Sharma and Vatsyayana who made great advancements in many academic fields.〔Mahajan, p. 540〕〔(Gupta dynasty: empire in 4th century ). Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Retrieved on 2011-11-21.〕 Science and political administration reached new heights during the Gupta era.〔(The Gupta Empire of India | Chandragupta I | Samudragupta ). Historybits.com (11 September 2001). Retrieved on 2011-11-21.〕 Strong trade ties also made the region an important cultural center and set the region up as a base that would influence nearby kingdoms and regions in Burma, Sri Lanka, and Southeast Asia.〔(Trade | The Story of India – Photo Gallery ). PBS. Retrieved on 2011-11-21.〕 The earliest available Indian epics are also thought to have been committed to written texts around this period. The empire gradually declined because of many factors such as substantial loss of territory and imperial authority caused by their own erstwhile feudatories and the invasion by the Huna peoples (Ephthalite Huns) from Central Asia.〔Agarwal, Ashvini (1989). ''Rise and Fall of the Imperial Guptas'', Delhi:Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 81-208-0592-5, pp.264–9〕 After the collapse of the Gupta Empire in the 6th century, India was again ruled by numerous regional kingdoms. A minor line of the Gupta clan continued to rule Magadha after the disintegration of the empire. The Guptas were ultimately ousted by Vardhana ruler Harsha Vardhana, who established the Empire of Harsha in the first half of the 7th century. ==Origin of the Guptas== (詳細はVaishya'' dynasty,. Historian Ram Sharan Sharma asserts that the ''Vaishya'' Guptas "appeared as a reaction against oppressive rulers". A.S. Altekar, a historian and archaeologist, who has written several books on Gupta coinage,〔(List of Altekar's publications ) in the Open Library.〕 also regarded the caste of the Guptas as Vaishya on the basis of the ancient Indian texts on law, which prescribe the name-ending with Gupta for a member of the ''Vaishya'' caste. According to historian Michael C. Brannigan, the rise of the Gupta Empire was one of the most prominent violations of the caste system in ancient India.〔 There are contradictory theories regarding the original homeland of the Guptas. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gupta Empire」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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